Roger Y. Tsien

THE GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN

In just three years, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has vaulted from obscurity to become one of the most widely studied and exploited p...

Improved monomeric red, orange and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein

A monomeric red fluorescent protein

All coelenterate fluorescent proteins cloned to date display some form of quaternary structure, including the weak tendency of Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP) to dimeri...

Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology

Improved green fluorescence

Biochemistry, mutagenesis, and oligomerization of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from coral

DsRed is a recently cloned 28-kDa fluorescent protein responsible for the red coloration around the oral disk of a coral of the Discosoma genus. DsRed has attracted tremendous i...

The structure of the chromophore within DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from coral

DsRed, a brilliantly red fluorescent protein, was recently cloned from Discosoma coral by homology to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea . A core qu...

Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins

Many cellular events depend on a tightly compartmentalized distribution of H + ions across membrane-bound organelles. However, measurements of organelle pH in living cells have ...

Reducing the Environmental Sensitivity of Yellow Fluorescent Protein

Yellow mutants of the green fluorescent protein (YFP) are crucial constituents of genetically encoded indicators of signal transduction and fusions to monitor protein-protein in...

Circular permutation and receptor insertion within green fluorescent proteins

Many areas of biology and biotechnology have been revolutionized by the ability to label proteins genetically by fusion to the Aequorea green fluorescent protein (GFP). In previ...

Monitoring protein conformations and interactions by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between mutants of green fluorescent protein

Fluorescent Probes of Cell Signaling

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral te...

Multicolor and Electron Microscopic Imaging of Connexin Trafficking

Recombinant proteins containing tetracysteine tags can be successively labeled in living cells with different colors of biarsenical fluorophores so that older and younger protei...