Abstract
We study the free surface of a turbulent channel flow, in particular, the relation between the statistical properties of the wrinkled surface and those of the velocity field beneath it. For an irregular flow shed off a vertical cylinder, surface indentations are strongly correlated with vortices in the subsurface flow. For fully developed turbulence this correlation is dramatically reduced. This is because the large eddies excite random capillary-gravity waves that travel in all directions across the surface. Both their predominant wavelength and their anisotropy are determined by the subsurface turbulence.
Keywords
Learned helplessnessPsychologyDepression (economics)Clinical psychologyDevelopmental psychologyPsychotherapistCognitive psychology
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Publication Info
- Year
- 1978
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 131-136
- Citations
- 37
- Access
- Closed
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Cite This
Max H. Willis,
Paul H. Blaney
(1978).
Three tests of the learned helplessness model of depression..
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
, 87
(1)
, 131-136.
https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.131
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1037//0021-843x.87.1.131