Cholesterol homeostasis is vital for proper cellular and systemic functions. Disturbed cholesterol balance underlies not only cardiovascular disease but also an increasing number of other diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. The cellular cholesterol level reflects the dynamic balance between biosynthesis, uptake, export and esterification - a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in lipid droplets or for secretion as constituents of lipoproteins. In this Review, we discuss the latest advances regarding how each of the four parts of cholesterol metabolism is executed and regulated. The key factors governing these pathways and the major mechanisms by which they respond to varying sterol levels are described. Finally, we discuss how these pathways function in a concerted manner to maintain cholesterol homeostasis.
Lipid droplets are storage organelles at the centre of lipid and energy homeostasis. They have a unique architecture consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, which is...
Abstract Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are responsible for the esterification of cell-derived cholesterol and for the...
Abstract Brain iron homeostasis is increasingly recognized as a potential target for the development of drug therapies for aging‐related disorders. Dysregulation of iron metabol...
Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were shown to take up and degrade acetylated 125 I-labeled low density lipoprotein ( 125 I-acetyl-LDL) in vitro at rates that were 20-fold ...
(3R)-(3-Phenylpropyl)-1,(4S)-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone (2, SCH 48461), a novel inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption, has recently been described by Burnett et...
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