S. Spiegelman

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of a Replicating RNA Molecule

Evolution in vitro: Sequence and phenotype of a mutant RNA resistant to ethidium bromide

An extracellular Darwinian experiment with a self-duplicating nucleic acid molecule.

Understanding a visual scene is an unsolved and daunting task, since scenes can contain a large number of objects, their properties, and interrelations. Extracting the full scen...

A Replicating RNA Molecule Suitable for a Detailed Analysis of Extracellular Evolution and Replication

The aim of the present study is to make available a replicating molecule of known sequence. Accordingly, we sought a molecule that has the following properties: ( a ) replicates...

In vitro selection of bacteriophage Qβ ribonucleic acid variants resistant to ethidium bromide

FURTHER EXTRACELLULAR DARWINIAN EXPERIMENTS WITH REPLICATING RNA MOLECULES: DIVERSE VARIANTS ISOLATED UNDER DIFFERENT SELECTIVE CONDITIONS

Experiments are described which demonstrate that it is possible to isolate in vitro a variety of mutant RNA molecules which exhibit qualitatively distinguishable phenotypes. The...

The cloning of a self-replicating RNA molecule.

Gene expression variation is shaped by both genetic and environmental effects, yet these two factors are rarely considered together in the context of adaptive evolution. We stud...