Toward an inclusive future: a systematic review on the implications of ageism for people with dementia

Abstract

Ageism remains a pervasive societal issue that significantly affects individuals with dementia, influencing cognitive performance, healthcare access, and social inclusion. This systematic review synthesizes existing research on the implications of ageism for people with dementia, focusing on its impact on cognitive function, stigma, and healthcare disparities. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. After screening 515 articles, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed for key findings on ageism's effects. Findings indicate that age-related stereotypes negatively impact cognitive assessments, often leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary anxiety regarding cognitive decline. Studies show that exposure to negative aging stereotypes correlates with poorer cognitive performance, reinforcing stereotype threat. Additionally, ageism in healthcare settings results in differential treatment, with older adults facing delays in diagnosis and limited access to specialized care. Social stigma further compounds these challenges, contributing to social isolation and decreased well-being among individuals with dementia. Research highlights the role of intergenerational programs and public awareness campaigns in mitigating these effects, promoting inclusivity and reducing ageist attitudes. Addressing ageism requires a multifaceted approach, including policy changes, caregiver training, and societal initiatives to reshape perceptions of aging and dementia. Future research should explore long-term interventions that foster positive aging attitudes and equitable healthcare practices. This review underscores the necessity of dismantling ageist biases to enhance the quality of life and care for individuals with dementia, advocating for a more inclusive and respectful societal framework.

Affiliated Institutions

• University of Palermo IT
• Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo IT

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