The Spec# Programming System: An Overview

Abstract

This study explored healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward counselling patients on disclosing genetic cancer risk to relatives. Genetic counselling practices in Sweden are undergoing significant changes due to the increased use of genetic testing to assess hereditary risk and the implementation of mainstreamed testing in oncology care. These developments require an assessment of healthcare professionals’ perceived roles and responsibilities when working with patients with hereditary risk. Best practices need to be developed to effectively support risk disclosure, and subsequently risk management, to relatives. Data was collected through interviews with oncologists, gynaecologists, surgeons, clinical geneticists, and genetic counsellors, working in oncology care or at cancer genetics units. Data was analysed using reflective thematic analysis. The results are presented as four positions that healthcare professionals take, describing their attitudes towards counselling patients about risk disclosure to relatives. The position depends on whether they perceive healthcare or the patient as ultimately responsible for risk information reaching relatives, and whether their focus is on the patient or the at-risk relatives. There are several stakeholders involved, and hence 'characters in play'. These results could serve as a basis for discussions on roles and responsibilities, while developing best practices regarding genetic counselling on hereditary cancer risk communication. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10689-025-00516-1.

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• Microsoft (United States) US

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