The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Coronary Artery Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Women

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to assess the influence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) on the risk and severity of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in middle-aged and elderly women (40–75 years old), to inform evidence-based prevention and management strategies for this population. Methods: A retrospective study enrolled 200 middle-aged and elderly female patients (aged 40–75 years) who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) at our hospital between January 2024 and March 2025. Participants were divided into an MS group (n = 88) and a non-MS group (n = 112) based on meeting MS diagnostic criteria. General clinical data including age, body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and more were collected for both groups. The severity of coronary artery lesions was quantified using the Gensini score. Differences in the positive rate of coronary artery lesions, the number of diseased vessel segments, and Gensini scores between the two groups were compared. Results: Patients in the MS group exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of coronary artery lesions (79.55% vs. 48.21%, p < 0.001), a greater proportion of multivessel disease (46.59% vs. 18.75%, p < 0.05), and higher Gensini scores (25.72 ± 14.28 vs. 16.35 ± 9.86, p < 0.05) compared to the non-MS group. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease in middle-aged and elderly women, substantially increasing both the incidence and severity of coronary lesions. Clinical efforts should focus on enhancing screening and comprehensive intervention for metabolic syndrome in this population to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.

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