Synergistic effects on performance, combustion and emissions of low‐carbon juliflora biodiesel blends with reactive oxygenates and ammonia in a <scp>CI</scp> engine

Abstract

Abstract This study investigates the synergistic effects of oxygenated additives and ammonia enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of Juliflora methyl ester blends in a single‐cylinder CI engine. DIPE and pentanol were each blended with JFME (10% vol) and further enriched with ammonia at a constant flow rate of 10 lpm. Results, showed that the BTE of JFME is 26.93% which was 4.7% lower than that of diesel (28.26%). However, JD10 and JP10 blends improved BTE by 2.4% and 4.6% over diesel, respectively. With ammonia enrichment, BTE further increased to 29.98% for JD10A10 and 30.46% for JP10A10, showing up to 7.8% improvement over diesel. Combustion analysis showed peak in‐cylinder pressures of 61.75 bar and 63.75 bar by JP10A10 blend, both higher than diesel and JFME. A maximum HRR of 54.23 J/°CA was observed for JP10A10. Emissions of HC and CO were significantly reduced, with JP10A10 achieving 56.8% and 47.6% reductions as compared to diesel. NO x and smoke emissions were also reduced with the ammonia‐enriched blends. RSM was used to optimize the engine operating parameters, specifically engine load and fuel blend %. Under the optimum operating conditions corresponding to a 51.12% engine load the JP10A10 blend engine produced 23.09% BTE, 0.2791 kg/kWh BSFC, 19.606 ppm HC, 0.1465% CO, 1099 ppm NO x and 21.48 ppm smoke. These findings highlight the potential of JFME‐based dual‐fuel strategies using reactive oxygenates and ammonia to enhance efficiency and reduce emissions in CI engines.

Affiliated Institutions

• Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology IN
• SRM Institute of Science and Technology IN

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