The heterogeneity of the immunoglobulins is the result of three types of amino acid sequence variability: (1) The isotypic variants, which are common to all individuals of the same species and differentiate classes and types of immunoglobulins; (2) The allotypic variants, which distinguish polymorphic forms of immunoglobulins not present in all members of a given species; (3) The idiotypic variants, which characterize individual antibodies and myeloma proteins.
Advanced sequencing techniques allow rapid deduction of individual amino acid sequences of highly related proteins. Due to their quasi-species nature, viral genomes (e.g. HIV-1)...
The adult mammalian hemopoietic system maintains an extraordinarily large, yet well regulated supply of mature blood cells within the circulation throughout life. The system is ...
The in vivo administration of certain monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the adhesion receptor, CD44, into normal mice induces both a modulation of CD44 from the surface of pe...
During the clonal expansion of cancer from an ancestral cell with an initiating oncogenic mutation to symptomatic neoplasm, the occurrence of somatic mutations (both driver and ...
Chondrocytes of different ages synthesize proteoglycans which have structural differences in both the chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. In order to asc...
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