Abstract
An integrative model of change was applied to the study of 872 Ss (mean age 40 yrs) who were changing their smoking habits on their own. Ss represented the following 5 stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and relapse. 10 processes of change were expected to receive differential emphases during particular stages of change. Results indicate that Ss (a) used the fewest processes of change during precontemplation; (b) emphasized consciousness raising during the contemplation stage; (c) emphasized self-reevaluation in both contemplation and action stages; (d) emphasized self-liberation, a helping relationship, and reinforcement management during the action stage; and (e) used counterconditioning and stimulus control the most in both action and maintenance stages. Relapsers responded as a combination of contemplaters and people in action would. Results are discussed in terms of developing a model of self-change of smoking and enhancing a more integrative general model of change. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1983 American Psychological Association.
Keywords
PsychologyBehavior changeCognitive psychologyPsychotherapistDevelopmental psychologyClinical psychologySocial psychology
Affiliated Institutions
Related Publications
Piecewise Growth Mixture Modeling of Adolescent Alcohol Use Data
Abstract This article addresses issues of heterogeneity in multiple-stage development as it corresponds to qualitatively different development in alcohol use during adolescence....
Fathers' and mothers' responses to the faces and cries of normal and premature infants.
32 White, middle-class couples with 5-mo-old infants were shown videotapes depicting infants who were, in turn quiescent, crying, and quiescent. Half of the parents viewed a nor...
College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature.
For the 2 decades prior to 1960, published research in social psychology was based on a wide variety of subjects and research sites. Content analyses show that since then such r...
Application of hierarchical linear models to assessing change.
Developments over the past 10 years in the statistical theory of hierarchical linear models (HLMs) now enable an integrated approach for (a) studying the structure of individua...
When Do Individual Differences Matter? A Paradoxical Theory of Personality Coherence
We propose that individual differences in personality should be studied during periods of environmental change because these periods provide an opportunity to discern the genera...
Publication Info
- Year
- 1983
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 390-395
- Citations
- 8442
- Access
- Closed
External Links
Social Impact
Altmetric
PlumX Metrics
Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions
Citation Metrics
8442
OpenAlex
Cite This
James O. Prochaska,
Carlo C. DiClemente
(1983).
Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change..
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
, 51
(3)
, 390-395.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390