Abstract
Human beings can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, passive and alienated, largely as a function of the social conditions in which they develop and function. Accordingly, research guided by self-determination theory has focused on the social-contextual conditions that facilitate versus forestall the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological development. Specifically, factors have been examined that enhance versus undermine intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and well-being. The findings have led to the postulate of three innate psychological needs--competence, autonomy, and relatedness--which when satisfied yield enhanced self-motivation and mental health and when thwarted lead to diminished motivation and well-being. Also considered is the significance of these psychological needs and processes within domains such as health care, education, work, sport, religion, and psychotherapy.
Keywords
Self-determination theoryPsychologyAutonomyCompetence (human resources)Intrinsic motivationSocial psychologyCognitive evaluation theoryFacilitationFunction (biology)Maslow's hierarchy of needsSelf-actualization
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Publication Info
- Year
- 2000
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-78
- Citations
- 26816
- Access
- Closed
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Cite This
Richard M. Ryan,
Edward L. Deci
(2000).
Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being..
American Psychologist
, 55
(1)
, 68-78.
https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68