Abstract

Off-grid renewable power-to-hydrogen (ReP2H) systems face stability and economic constraints driven by the variability of renewable resources. This paper presents a comparative analysis of grid-forming (GFM) service requirements under three approaches, i.e., centralized GFM battery energy storage system (BESS), GFM electrolyzers and coordinated multi-source GFM strategies. We first establish detailed GFM models for off-grid ReP2H systems under each approach and then conduct hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulations. By evaluating both dynamic performance and cost, we identify the strengths and limitations of the three strategies and quantify the GFM capacity needed to ensure stable off-grid hydrogen production.

Affiliated Institutions

Related Publications

Publication Info

Year
2025
Type
article
Volume
18
Issue
24
Pages
6440-6440
Citations
0
Access
Closed

External Links

View on DOI.org

Social Impact

Altmetric
PlumX Metrics

Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions

Citation Metrics

0
OpenAlex

Cite This

Lei Zhou, Ningbo Zhang, Yi Zhou et al. (2025). Quantifying Grid-Forming Requirement for Electrolyzer-Based Hydrogen Production in Off-Grid Systems. Energies , 18 (24) , 6440-6440. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18246440

Identifiers

DOI
10.3390/en18246440