Abstract
Autophagy is a process of cellular “self-eating” in which portions of cytoplasm are sequestered within double-membrane cytosolic vesicles termed autophagosomes. The autophagosome cargo is delivered to the lysosome, broken down, and the resulting amino acids recycled after release back into the cytosol. Autophagy occurs in all eukaryotes and can be up-regulated in response to various nutrient limitations. Under these conditions, autophagy may become essential for viability. In addition, autophagy plays a role in certain diseases, acting to prevent some types of neurodegeneration and cancer, and in the elimination of invading pathogens. We review the current information on the mechanism of autophagy, with a focus on its role in protein metabolism and intracellular homeostasis.
Keywords
AutophagyCell biologyAutophagosomeCytosolLysosomeNeurodegenerationCytoplasmBiologyIntracellularMetabolismCellular metabolismATG16L1BiochemistryApoptosisEnzymeMedicine
MeSH Terms
Amino AcidsAutophagyBiological TransportCytoplasmHumansProtein Transport
Affiliated Institutions
Related Publications
The molecular machinery of autophagy: unanswered questions
Autophagy is a process in which cytosol and organelles are sequestered within double-membrane vesicles that deliver the contents to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation and recy...
Eating the endoplasmic reticulum: quality control by autophagy
Autophagy is connected to a surprising range of cellular processes, including the stress response, developmental remodeling, organelle homeostasis and disease pathophysiology. T...
Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in <i>Atg7</i> -deficient mice
Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking mechanism that delivers cytoplasmic constituents into the lysosome/vacuole for bulk protein degradation. This mechanism is involved in the pr...
Regulation Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Autophagy
Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components in which double-membrane autophagosomes sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes or ...
Enhancing Macroautophagy Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiac Myocytes
Cardiac myocytes undergo programmed cell death as a result of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). One feature of I/R injury is the increased presence of autophagosomes. However, to date...
Publication Info
- Year
- 2007
- Type
- article
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19-40
- Citations
- 777
- Access
- Closed
External Links
Social Impact
Altmetric
PlumX Metrics
Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions
Citation Metrics
777
OpenAlex
22
Influential
664
CrossRef
Cite This
Noboru Mizushima,
Daniel J. Klionsky
(2007).
Protein Turnover Via Autophagy: Implications for Metabolism.
Annual Review of Nutrition
, 27
(1)
, 19-40.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093749
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093749
- PMID
- 17311494