The nature of passive films formed on 304 stainless steel at +0.25V (vs. SCE) in deaerated solutions of and has been determined by RHEED and variable angle XPS. Evidence is given of and Cl− incorporation into the outer Fe‐rich regions of the passive film. In addition to Cr3+ species which make up the inner layer of the film, and have been observed by XPS. The mechanism of formation of the Cr6+ species in the solid state and the influence of the incorporated anions on the passivation process are discussed. Evidence of a bipolar mechanism operating in the passive films formed on stainless steel is discussed.
A combined ex situ x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of the passive films formed on Cr(110) single‐crystal surfaces in...
Sequential adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte and individual sheets of the silicate mineral hectorite has allowed controlled, stepwise formation of multilayered films on s...
Abstract Liquid deposition approaches for chalcopyrite films used in thin‐film photovoltaic devices are reviewed. Most of the targeted materials are based on Cu‐In or Cu‐In‐Ga s...
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