The opening of hard X-ray free-electron laser facilities, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in the United States, has ushered in a new era in structural determination. With X-ray pulse durations down to 10 fs or shorter, and up to 10 13 transversely coherent photons per pulse in a narrow spectral bandwidth, focused irradiances of 10 18 to 10 21 W cm −2 or higher can be produced at X-ray energies ranging from 500 eV to 10 keV. New techniques for determining the structure of systems that cannot be crystallized and for studying the time-resolved behavior of irreversible reactions at femtosecond timescales are now available.
The program Mercury , developed at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, was originally designed primarily as a crystal structure visualization tool. Over the years the fi...
Laser ablation MC-ICP-MS allows in situ strontium isotope data to be obtained for incrementally formed bioapatites such as enamel with extremely high spatial resolution. Here, w...
Mesostructured silica waveguide arrays were fabricated with a combination of acidic sol-gel block copolymer templating chemistry and soft lithography. Waveguiding was enabled by...
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