Abstract
Novel, culture-independent, molecular and metagenomic techniques have provided new insight into the complex interactions between the mammalian host and gut microbial species. It is increasingly evident that gut microbes may shape the host metabolic and immune network activity and ultimately influence the development of obesity and diabetes. We discuss the evidence connecting gut microflora to obesity and to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and we present recent insights into potential mechanisms underlying this relationship: increased nutrient absorption from the diet, prolonged intestinal transit time, altered bile acid entero-hepatic cycle, increased cellular uptake of circulating triglycerides, enhanced de novo lipogenesis, reduced free fatty acid oxidation, altered tissue composition of biologically active polyunsaturated fatty acid, chronic low-grade inflammation triggered by the endotoxin toll-like receptor 4 axis, and altered intestinal barrier function.
Keywords
Gut floraLipogenesisImmune systemBiologyType 2 diabetesPolyunsaturated fatty acidMetabolismDiabetes mellitusInflammationEndocrinologyFatty acidBiochemistryImmunology
Affiliated Institutions
Related Publications
Parabacteroides distasonis Alleviates Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions via Production of Succinate and Secondary Bile Acids
We demonstrated the metabolic benefits of Parabacteroides distasonis (PD) on decreasing weight gain, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mi...
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is a crucial actor that can interact with ...
A molecular sensor that allows a gut commensal to control its nutrient foundation in a competitive ecosystem
Little is known about how members of the indigenous microflora interact with their mammalian hosts to establish mutually beneficial relationships. We have used a gnotobiotic mou...
Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights
The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting ...
The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy
The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota, and the liver, resulting from the integration of signals generated by dietary, ge...
Publication Info
- Year
- 2010
- Type
- review
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 361-380
- Citations
- 600
- Access
- Closed
External Links
Social Impact
Altmetric
PlumX Metrics
Social media, news, blog, policy document mentions
Citation Metrics
600
OpenAlex
Cite This
Giovanni Musso,
Roberto Gambino,
Maurizio Cassader
(2010).
Interactions Between Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism Predisposing to Obesity and Diabetes.
Annual Review of Medicine
, 62
(1)
, 361-380.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-012510-175505
Identifiers
- DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-med-012510-175505