Holger J. Schünemann

Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations

Guidelines are inconsistent in how they rate the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations. This article explores the advantages of the GRADE system, which is incr...

Going from evidence to recommendations

The GRADE system classifies recommendations made in guidelines as either strong or weak. This article explores the meaning of these descriptions and their implications for patie...

GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction—GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables

What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians?

Guideline developers use a bewildering variety of systems to rate the quality of the evidence underlying their recommendations. Some are facile, some confused, and others sophis...

Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies

Citation: Schünemann, H. J. et al. (2008). 'Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies', BMJ 336 (7653), 1106-1110. [Availab...

Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive

<h3>Abstract</h3> Flavin containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are promiscuous enzymes known for metabolizing a wide range of exogenous compounds. In <i>C. elegans</i>, <i>fmo-2</i> ...

Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations

Guideline panellists have differing opinions on whether resource use should influence decisions on individual patients. As medical care costs rise, resource use considerations b...

Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations II: Pilot study of a new system

Abstract Background Systems that are used by different organisations to grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations vary. They have different strengths and...

Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 9. Grading evidence and recommendations

Should WHO grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations? Users of recommendations need to know how much confidence they can place in the underlying evidence...

A vision statement on guideline development for respiratory disease: the example of COPD

Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 1. Guidelines for guidelines

Symbols were superior to numbers for presenting strength of recommendations to health care consumers: a randomized trial